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高頻變壓器各參數(shù)的計算示??/h3>
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<span>文章出處??a href=""><a >深圳市晨飛電子有限公??/a></a></span><span>網(wǎng)責(zé)任編輯：<a >NSW</a></span><span>作者：<a >NSW</a></span><span>人氣??span
id="cntrHits">-</span></span><span>發(fā)表時間??016-08-03 16:23:00</span>
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<p> </p>
<p>在傳統(tǒng)的<a href="http://m.linhang.com.cn"><strong>高頻變壓器設(shè)??/strong></a>中，由于磁芯材料的限制，其工作頻率較低，一般在<span lang="EN-US">20kHz</span>左右。隨著電源技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，電源系統(tǒng)的小型化、高頻化和大功率化已成為一個永恒的研究方向和發(fā)展趨勢。因此，研究使用頻率更高的電源變壓器是降低電源系統(tǒng)體積、提高電源輸出功率比的關(guān)鍵因素??/p>
<p style="text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0">本例中的變換器采用單端反激式工作方式，單端反激變換器在小功率開關(guān)電源設(shè)計中應(yīng)用非常廣泛，且多路輸出較方便。單端反激電源的工作模式有兩種：電流連續(xù)模式和電流斷續(xù)模式。前者適用于較小功率，副邊二極管存在沒有反向恢復(fù)的問題，但<span lang="EN-US">MOS</span>管的峰值電流相對較大；后??span lang="EN-US">MOS</span>管的峰值電流相對較小，但存在副邊二極管的反向恢復(fù)問題，需要給二極管加吸收電路。這兩種工作模式可根據(jù)實際需求來選擇，本文采用了后??/p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> 設(shè)計變壓器時大多需要考慮下面問題：變換器頻率<span lang="EN-US">f(H2)</span>；初級電??span lang="EN-US">U1(V)</span>，次級電??span lang="EN-US">U2(V)</span>；次級電??span lang="EN-US">i2(A)</span>；繞組線路參??span lang="EN-US">n1</span>、，<span lang="EN-US">n2</span>；溫??tau;<span lang="EN-US">(</span>??span lang="EN-US">)</span>；繞組相對電壓降<span lang="EN-US">u</span>；環(huán)境溫??tau;<span lang="EN-US">HJ(</span>??span lang="EN-US">)</span>；絕緣材料密??gamma;<span lang="EN-US">z(g</span>??span lang="EN-US">cm3)</span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> <span lang="EN-US">1)</span>根據(jù)變壓器的輸出功率選取鐵芯，所選取的鐵芯的戶，值應(yīng)等于或大于給定值??/p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt;text-indent:24.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">2)</span>繞組每伏匝數(shù)</p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> 高頻變壓器參數(shù)計??/p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> 一??電磁學(xué)計算公式推導(dǎo)：</p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">1</span>．磁通量與磁通密度相關(guān)公式： </p>
<p style="margin-left:24.05pt;mso-para-margin-left:2.29gd;text-indent:24.0pt;
mso-char-indent-count:2.0">Ф<span lang="EN-US"> = B * S<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> <span lang="EN-US">B = H * </span>μ<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> <span lang="EN-US">H = I*N / l </span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">2</span>．電感中反感應(yīng)電動勢與電流以及磁通之間相關(guān)關(guān)系式??/p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> <span lang="EN-US">EL =</span>⊿??span lang="EN-US"> / </span>??span lang="EN-US">t * N<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span>⑷ <span lang="EN-US">EL = </span>??span lang="EN-US">i / </span>??span lang="EN-US">t * L<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> 由上面兩個公式可以推出下面的公式??/p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> ⊿??span lang="EN-US"> / </span>??span lang="EN-US">t * N = </span>??span lang="EN-US">i / </span>??span lang="EN-US">t * L<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span>變形可得??/p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> <span lang="EN-US">N = </span>??span lang="EN-US">i * L/</span>⊿Ф 再由Ф<span lang="EN-US"> = B * S<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span>可得下式<span lang="EN-US">:</span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> <span lang="EN-US">N = </span>??span lang="EN-US">i * L / ( B * S )<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span> 且由⑸式直接變形可得??/p>
<p> ??span lang="EN-US">i = EL<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>* </span>??span lang="EN-US">t / L<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span></p>
<p> 聯(lián)合⑴⑵⑶⑷同時可以推出如下算式<span lang="EN-US">:</span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> <span lang="EN-US">L =(</span>μ<span lang="EN-US">* S )/ l * N2<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span></p>
<p> 這說明在磁芯一定的情況下電感量與匝數(shù)的平方成正??span lang="EN-US">(</span>影響電感量的因素<span lang="EN-US">)</span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">3</span>．電感中能量與電流的關(guān)系??/p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> <span lang="EN-US">QL = 1/2 * I2 * L<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">4</span>．根據(jù)能量守恒定律及影響電感量的因素和聯(lián)合⑺⑻⑼式可以得出初次級匝數(shù)比與占空比的關(guān)系式：</p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> <span lang="EN-US">N1/N2 = (E1*D)/(E2*(1-D))<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span></p>
<p>二． 根據(jù)上面公式計算變壓器參數(shù)：</p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> <span lang="EN-US">1</span>??高頻變壓器輸入輸出要求：</p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> 輸入直流電壓??span lang="EN-US"> 200--- 340 V</span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> 輸出直流電壓??span lang="EN-US"> 23.5V</span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> 輸出電流??span lang="EN-US"> 2.5A * 2</span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> 輸出總功率：<span lang="EN-US"> 117.5W</span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> <span lang="EN-US">2</span>??確定初次級匝數(shù)比??/p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> 次級整流管選用<span lang="EN-US">VRRM =100V</span>正向電流<span lang="EN-US">(10A)</span>的肖特基二極管兩個，若初次級匝數(shù)比大則功率所承受的反壓高匝數(shù)比小則功率管反低<span lang="EN-US">,</span>這樣就有下式??/p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> <span lang="EN-US">N1/N2 = VIN(max) / (VRRM * k<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>/ 2)</span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> 這里安全系數(shù)??span lang="EN-US">0.9</span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> 由此可得匝數(shù)??span lang="EN-US">N1/N2<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>=<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>340/(100*0.9/2) </span>??span lang="EN-US"> 7.6</span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">3</span>??計算功率場效應(yīng)管的最高反峰電??span lang="EN-US">:</span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> <span lang="EN-US">Vmax = Vin(max) + (Vo+Vd)/ N2/ N1 </span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> <span lang="EN-US">Vmax = 340+(23.5+0.89)/(1/7.6)</span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> 由此可計算功率管承受的最大電??span lang="EN-US">: Vmax </span>??span lang="EN-US"> 525.36(V)</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">4</span>??計算<span lang="EN-US">PWM</span>占空比：</p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> 由⑽式變形可得：</p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> <span lang="EN-US">D = (N1/N2)*E2/(E1+(N1 /N2*E2)</span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> <span lang="EN-US">D=(N1/N2)*(Vo+Vd)/Vin(min)+N1/N2*(Vo+Vd) </span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span>⒀ <span lang="EN-US">D=7.6*(23.5+0.89)/200+7.6*(23.5+0.89)</span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> 由些可計算得到占空比<span lang="EN-US"> D</span>??span lang="EN-US"> 0.481</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">5</span>??算變壓器初級電感量：</p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> 為計算方便假定變壓器初級電流為鋸齒波，也就是電流變化量等于電流的峰??span lang="EN-US">,</span>也就是理想的認(rèn)為輸出管在導(dǎo)通期間儲存的能量在截止期間全部消耗完。那么計算初級電感量就可以只??span lang="EN-US">PWM</span>的一個周期來分析，這時可由⑼式可以有如下推導(dǎo)過程??/p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> ??span lang="EN-US">P/</span>η??span lang="EN-US">/ f<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>= 1/2 * I2 * L</span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> 將此算式代入⒂式變形可得??/p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> <span lang="EN-US">L = E2 * D2 *</span>η<span lang="EN-US">/ ( 2 * f * P ) </span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span>⒃ 這里取效率為<span lang="EN-US">85%</span>??span lang="EN-US"> PWM</span>開關(guān)頻率為<span lang="EN-US">60KHz.</span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> 在輸入電壓最小的電感量為??/p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> <span lang="EN-US">L=2002* 0.4812 * 0.85 / 2 * 60000 * 117.5</span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> 計算初級電感量為<span lang="EN-US">: L1 </span>??span lang="EN-US"> 558(uH)</span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> 計算初級峰值電流：</p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> 由⑺式可得：</p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> ??span lang="EN-US">i = EL<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>* </span>??span lang="EN-US">t / L = 200 * (0.481/60000 )/ (558*10-6)</span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> 計算初級電流的峰值為<span lang="EN-US">: Ipp </span>??span lang="EN-US"> 2.87(A)</span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> 初級平均電流為：<span lang="EN-US"> I1 = Ipp/2/(1/D) = 0.690235(A)</span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> <span lang="EN-US">6</span>??計算初級線圈和次級線圈的匝數(shù)??/p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> 磁芯選擇??span lang="EN-US">EE-42(</span>截面??span lang="EN-US">1.76mm2)</span>磁通密度為防治飽和取值為<span lang="EN-US">2500</span>高斯也即<span lang="EN-US">0.25</span>特斯??span lang="EN-US">, </span>這樣由⑹式可得初級電感的匝數(shù)??span lang="EN-US">:</span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> <span lang="EN-US">N1= </span>??span lang="EN-US">i * L / ( B * S ) = 2.87 * (0.558*10-3)/0.25*(1.76*10-4)</span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> 計算初級電感匝數(shù)<span lang="EN-US">:<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>N1 </span>??span lang="EN-US"> 36 (</span>??span lang="EN-US">)</span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> 同時可計算次級匝數(shù)：<span lang="EN-US"> N2 </span>??span lang="EN-US"> 5 (</span>??span lang="EN-US">)</span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">7</span>??計算次級線圈的峰值電流：</p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> 根據(jù)能量守恒定律當(dāng)初級電感在功率管導(dǎo)通時儲存的能量在截止時在次級線圈上全部釋放可以有下式??/p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> 由⑻⑼式可以得到： <span lang="EN-US">Ipp2=N1/N2* Ipp </span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span>⒄ <span lang="EN-US">Ipp2 = 7.6*2.87</span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> 由此可計算次級峰值電流為??span lang="EN-US">Ipp2 = 21.812(A)</span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> 次級平均值電流為<span lang="EN-US">I2=Ipp2/2/(1/(1-D))= 5.7(A)</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">6.</span>計算激勵繞??span lang="EN-US">(</span>也叫輔助繞組<span lang="EN-US">)</span>的匝數(shù)：</p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> 因為次級輸出電壓??span lang="EN-US">23.5V</span>，激勵繞組電壓取<span lang="EN-US">12V</span>，所以為次級電壓的一??/p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> 由此可計算激勵繞組匝數(shù)為<span lang="EN-US">: N3 </span>??span lang="EN-US"> N2 / 2 </span>??span lang="EN-US"> 3 (</span>??span lang="EN-US">)</span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt"> 激勵繞組的電流??span lang="EN-US">:<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I3 = 0.1(A)</span></p>
<p style="margin-left:24.0pt;text-indent:24.0pt">以上就是小編為大家總結(jié)的關(guān)于高頻變壓器的技術(shù)參數(shù)怎么計算的介紹，希望可以幫到大家，如果想了解更多的高頻變壓器的信息，那就點擊<a href="http://m.linhang.com.cn/news/"><span style="color:red">高頻變壓器資??/span></a>??span lang="EN-US">!</span></p>
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